Spain is a country with a long and distinguished history. It has been both conqueror and conquered and has emerged from this experience with a culture that is wide and varied. Its cuisine, its architecture and its general culture as well as its people bear the marks of the passage of many cultures. One of these marks is in the wide variety of dialects of Spanish that is spoken.

Spanish
Castilian Spanish is the official language of Spain but there are many dialects of Spanish that are spoken. Originally a dialect of Cantabria in northern Spain, it spread to Castile where it was absorbed into the local language and soon emerged as the victor. Modern Spanish today has many words that had their origins in other languages and were absorbed, sometimes bringing with them their original meaning but soon acquiring a local pronunciation.

Catalonia
In Catalonia the language is Catalan. It is spoken in Catalonia, an autonomous region of Spain and in Valencia where the Valencian dialect of Catalan is spoken. It was the literary language of Catalonia during the middle ages and many of the famous teachers of that time, such as Ramon Llul, were of Catalan origin.

Galicia
Galician is the language spoken in Galicia. It can be considered a dialect of Portuguese and not Spanish since it is the ancestor of modern Portuguese. It had a distinguished history as a courtly language until the emergence of Castilian Spanish as the official language.

Basque
An ancient language bearing no relation to other European languages, it predates all Roman languages since it was spoken before the Romanization of Spain. Spoken in the Basque Country of Spain and part of France, it is a difficult language to learn since it bears no resemblance to other languages. It is spoken in the province of Guipuzcoa and neighboring provinces as well as in the French Pyrenees. Even though there are similarities to ancient Iberian, it is thought that these words were mere borrowings from this language.

Andalusian dialect
The Andalusian dialect of Spanish has many words from Arabic, while the terms used in its most known cultural art form, the flamenco dance, are of Arabic origin. Many words that are exclusively of Arab use are a part of Andalusian, for example, the use of the word al to indicate the Spanish article el, while the word guad, Arabic for river, is a part of the name for most rivers.


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